Backing up data

Guys, please tell me how to save your data correctly and more efficiently? The fact is that I want to replace an old hard drive, that has dozens of programs, systems settings and so on, with a new drive.

pc, mac, and what os? Linux(which version), Mac (which version) Windows (which version)

Didn't think it was that easy?
What type of drive, IDE, RLL…?

Easiest way is to clone the disk.